<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Land managers already work in many ways to increase forest productivity through enhancing structural heterogeneity and species diversity (Franklin et al. 2007). As an adaptation strategy for managing forest carbon, this general goal receives added effort and focus when managing systems whose current characteristics limit the ability of the forest to sequester carbon or increase the risk of carbon losses through disturbance under a changing climate (Fahey et al. 2018; Nagel et al. 2017). This strategy is focuses on altering the characteristics of a forest through intentional alterations of species composition and structure so the desired future conditions of the forest are significantly changed from current conditions (Millar et al. 2007; Swanston et al. 2016). These changes may be necessary in order to create ecosystems that are better adapted to the range of expected future conditions, thereby maintaining desired ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration and storage and reducing the risk of carbon loss from disturbance.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>